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SBA loans consistently offer some of the lowest interest rates available to small business owners, but figuring out exactly what you'll pay requires understanding how these rates actually work. Unlike a simple fixed percentage, SBA loan rates combine a base rate with a spread that varies by program type, loan amount, and repayment term.
This guide breaks down current rates for each SBA loan program, explains the factors that determine your specific rate, and walks through practical strategies for securing the best terms possible.
What Are Current SBA Loan Interest Rates
SBA loan rates depend on the program you choose, but they all follow a similar formula: a base rate (usually the prime rate) plus a margin that the SBA caps. For 7(a) loans, the most popular option, variable rates currently range from about 10% to 13.5% when you add the prime rate to the allowable spread. Meanwhile, 504 loans offer fixed rates tied to Treasury bonds, typically landing between 6% and 7%. Disaster loans come in even lower, with fixed rates around 4%.
Here's something that often surprises first-time borrowers: the SBA doesn't actually lend money directly. Instead, it partners with banks and other approved lenders, guaranteeing a portion of each loan. This guarantee reduces the lender's risk, which is why SBA loans tend to offer better rates than you'd find with most conventional business financing.
The rate cap system is what makes SBA loans particularly attractive. Lenders can charge up to the maximum rate the SBA allows, but they can't exceed it. So while your final rate depends on factors like your credit score and loan size, you'll always know the ceiling.
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SBA Loan Rates by Program Type
SBA 7(a) Loan Rates
The 7(a) program is where most small business owners start, and for good reason. You can use these loans for almost anything: working capital, equipment, inventory, or even buying real estate. The SBA closed fiscal year 2025 with a record $44.8 billion in guaranteed loans, with over 50% of 7(a) loans under $150,000, marking a dramatic shift from pandemic-era lending patterns toward small-dollar transactions distributed across a broader population of businesses.
Interest rates on 7(a) loans combine a base rate with a spread that changes based on how much you borrow:
- Loans $50,000 or less: Base rate plus up to 6.5%
- Loans $50,001 to $250,000: Base rate plus up to 6.0%
- Loans $250,001 to $350,000: Base rate plus up to 4.5%
- Loans over $350,000: Base rate plus up to 3.0%
Most lenders use the prime rate as their base. Some choose the SBA's optional peg rate instead, which updates quarterly rather than fluctuating with each Federal Reserve decision.
SBA 504 Loan Rates
If you're planning to buy commercial real estate or heavy equipment, 504 loans deserve a close look. These loans feature fixed rates tied to U.S. Treasury bonds, and they typically fall between 6% and 7% for terms stretching 10, 20, or 25 years.
The structure works a bit differently than other SBA loans. A Certified Development Company (a nonprofit organization focused on economic development) provides up to 40% of the financing. A traditional bank covers up to 50%. And you contribute at least 10% as a down payment. This three-way split keeps rates low while spreading risk among multiple parties.
SBA Microloan Rates
Microloans fill a gap for startups and smaller businesses that only need up to $50,000. Rather than going through traditional banks, these loans come from nonprofit intermediary lenders, and rates typically range from 8% to 13%.
Why the higher rates? Smaller loans to newer businesses carry more risk. On the other hand, microloans often include technical assistance and mentoring, resources that can prove valuable when you're just getting started.
SBA Express Loan Rates
Sometimes speed matters more than getting the absolute lowest rate. Express loans can be approved within 36 hours, but lenders can charge higher rates than standard 7(a) loans. The maximum loan amount tops out at $500,000, and the SBA only guarantees 50% compared to up to 85% for regular 7(a) loans.
SBA Community Advantage Loan Rates
This program reaches businesses in underserved markets through mission-focused lenders. The rate structure mirrors the 7(a) program, but Community Advantage loans specifically target entrepreneurs who might otherwise struggle to access traditional financing.
How SBA Loan Interest Rates Are Determined
Prime Rate and Base Rate Explained
The prime rate forms the foundation for most SBA 7(a) loan pricing. When the Federal Reserve adjusts the federal funds rate, the prime rate typically follows within days. As of late 2024, the prime rate sits around 7.5%, though this changes with Fed decisions.
For 504 loans, the math works differently. Rates tie to Treasury bond yields, which move based on broader economic conditions and investor behavior rather than direct Fed action.
The SBA also publishes an optional peg rate each quarter. Some lenders prefer this alternative because it only changes four times per year, making payments more predictable for borrowers.
Variable vs Fixed Rate Structures
Variable-rate loans adjust whenever the underlying base rate moves. If the prime rate climbs by 0.25%, your interest rate (and your monthly payment) climbs by the same amount. This works in your favor when rates are falling, but it makes budgeting less predictable.
Fixed-rate loans lock in your rate for the entire repayment period. SBA 504 loans are always fixed. Some 7(a) loans offer fixed-rate options too, though the initial rate tends to be slightly higher than variable alternatives.
Rate Caps by Loan Amount
Larger loans often qualify for lower rate spreads, a detail that catches many borrowers off guard. The SBA's tiered system means a $400,000 loan might carry a maximum spread of just 3% above prime, while a $40,000 loan could have a spread of 6.5%. However, it's important to consider that total borrowing costs on SBA loans frequently reach 60-70% of the original loan amount over 10-year terms when accounting for guarantee fees, lender fees, closing costs, and prepayment penalties on top of interest rates.
SBA Loan Fees and Total Borrowing Costs
Interest rates only tell part of the story. Fees can add thousands to your total borrowing costs, so understanding them upfront helps you compare offers accurately.
SBA Guarantee Fees
The SBA charges a guarantee fee based on the guaranteed portion of your loan and its term length. For larger loans with terms exceeding 12 months, this fee can reach 3.5% of the guaranteed amount. Most borrowers roll the fee into the loan rather than paying it at closing.
Lender and Packaging Fees
Individual lenders may charge their own fees on top of what the SBA requires:
- Packaging fees: Charges for preparing and submitting your application
- Closing costs: Similar to what you'd pay on a mortgage
- Servicing fees: Ongoing charges for loan administration
These vary considerably between lenders, which is why requesting detailed fee breakdowns from multiple sources makes sense.
Prepayment Penalties
Planning to pay off your loan early? Be aware that 7(a) loans with terms of 15 years or more carry prepayment penalties during the first three years. The penalty starts at 5% in year one, drops to 3% in year two, and falls to 1% in year three. After that, you can pay off the balance without penalty.
SBA Loan Terms and Repayment Periods
The length of your loan affects both your monthly payment and the total interest you'll pay over time. The SBA sets maximum terms based on how you plan to use the funds:
Longer terms mean lower monthly payments, which can help with cash flow. However, you'll pay more in total interest. A 25-year real estate loan at 10% costs significantly more over its lifetime than a 10-year loan at the same rate.
How to Get the Best SBA Loan Rate
1. Strengthen Your Credit Profile
Your personal credit score plays a significant role in the rate lenders offer. While the SBA doesn't set minimum credit requirements, most lenders look for scores of 680 or higher when offering their best rates. Before applying, it's worth reviewing your credit reports for errors and addressing any issues that might be pulling your score down.
2. Prepare Complete Financial Documentation
Thorough documentation speeds up approval and signals to lenders that you're organized and serious. Most lenders want to see:
- Two to three years of business and personal tax returns
- Year-to-date financial statements
- Recent business bank statements
- A detailed business plan (especially for newer companies)
3. Compare Multiple SBA Lenders
Different lenders offer different rates within SBA guidelines. Some prioritize speed and charge rates closer to the maximum. Others compete on price. Getting quotes from at least three lenders gives you a clearer picture of what's available—and some leverage to negotiate.
Tip: Platforms like Fundwell help you compare multiple SBA loan options alongside alternative financing, so you can see competitive offers without spending weeks on applications. Get Funded
4. Consider Your Loan Amount Strategically
Because rate caps decrease as loan amounts increase, borrowing slightly more can sometimes result in a lower overall rate. If you're close to a tier threshold—say, $345,000—running the numbers on a $355,000 loan might reveal a better deal.
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SBA Loans vs Other Small Business Loan Options
Traditional Bank Loans
Conventional bank loans may offer rates comparable to SBA loans, but qualification requirements tend to be stricter. Banks typically want longer business histories, stronger revenues, and more collateral. The approval process also takes longer without the SBA's standardized framework.
Online Business Loans
Online lenders prioritize speed over price. You might get funded within days rather than weeks, but interest rates often run significantly higher, sometimes 20% to 50% or more. For businesses that need capital quickly or don't qualify for SBA financing, online loans fill an important gap.
Revenue-Based Financing
This alternative ties repayment to your business revenue rather than fixed monthly payments. Instead of an interest rate, you'll see a factor rate that determines your total repayment amount. It's not directly comparable to traditional loans, but the flexibility works well for businesses with variable income.
Find the Right SBA Financing for Your Business
The right financing depends on your specific situation: how much you need, what you'll use it for, how quickly you need it, and what you can realistically qualify for. Taking time to calculate total borrowing costs, not just interest rates, often reveals that a loan with a slightly higher rate but lower fees costs less overall.
Fundwell helps business owners compare SBA loans alongside alternative financing solutions, with transparent terms and real human support throughout the process.
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FAQs About SBA Loan Interest Rates
What is the monthly payment on a $50,000 SBA loan?
Monthly payments depend on your interest rate and loan term. As a rough example, a $50,000 loan at 11% over 10 years would run approximately $690 per month, while the same loan over 7 years would be closer to $840. An SBA loan calculator or a conversation with a lender can give you personalized estimates based on current rates.
Are SBA loan interest rates negotiable with lenders?
While the SBA sets maximum rates, lenders have flexibility within those caps. A borrower with excellent credit and strong financials may receive rates well below the maximum. Comparing offers from multiple lenders gives you negotiating leverage and a clearer sense of what's possible.
How often do SBA variable loan rates change?
Variable rates adjust whenever the underlying base rate changes. Since most SBA loans use the prime rate, your rate could change several times per year based on Federal Reserve decisions. Rate changes typically take effect within one to two billing cycles after the prime rate moves.
Can I refinance an existing SBA loan if interest rates drop?
Refinancing is possible, though restrictions apply. You generally cannot use one SBA loan to refinance another SBA loan unless specific conditions are met. However, refinancing with a conventional loan or exploring other SBA programs may be options depending on your situation.
What credit score do lenders require for the lowest SBA loan rates?
Most lenders prefer credit scores of 680 or higher for competitive rates, though some work with scores as low as 620. The strongest rates typically go to borrowers with scores above 720, along with solid business financials and adequate collateral.
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